The Group of States against Corruption (GRECO) of the Council of Europe published a report today, calling for decisive measures to prevent corruption in Italy among individuals with top executive functions (PTEFs). This includes the President of the Council of Ministers, ministers, undersecretaries of state, extraordinary commissioners, members of the offices of direct collaboration, and members of the State Police, the Carabinieri, and the Guardia di Finanza.
In the evaluation report, GRECO acknowledges that Italy has a significant legal framework for preventing and combating corruption. However, it notes that this framework’s complexity needs to improve its effectiveness. This complexity is particularly evident in the regulation of conflicts of interest and financial disclosure, where different rules apply but need to adequately cover all PTEFs. GRECO highlights the absence of a common integrity framework applicable to all PTEFs.
The report recommends implementing a systemic analysis of integrity risks and a specific code of conduct applicable to all, along with proper guidance, awareness-raising, and confidential counselling on ethical issues. Rules and guidance on gifts, advantages, invitations, contacts with lobbyists, and post-employment need to be strengthened. The potential impact of these changes is significant, as they could lead to a more transparent and accountable system. Additionally, it is important to ensure that all violations of applicable rules are appropriately sanctioned, which is currently not the case.
Regarding the State Police, the Carabinieri, and the Guardia di Finanza, GRECO reports concerns about the underrepresentation of women, especially at managerial levels. While these forces have robust systems in place for the prevention and management of integrity risks, GRECO suggests improvements such as introducing integrity checks during transfers and promotions and at regular intervals for the most exposed functions.
The State Police lacks a dedicated code of conduct, and the Carabinieri and the Guardia di Finanza need to complement their ethical rules with more practical guidance. It is recommended that all three forces introduce mechanisms for confidential counselling on integrity matters and organize regular awareness-raising activities for all staff on whistleblower protection measures.
GRECO plans to assess the implementation of the 19 recommendations made to Italy in 2026 through its compliance procedure.
