Once a colonial powerhouse wielding significant influence across Africa, France is now grappling with profound challenges in its relationship with the continent. President Emmanuel Macron, initially keen on revitalising France’s presence in Africa, is witnessing his efforts falter. Events in nations like the Central African Republic (CAR) and Chad underscore how Paris is steadily losing its foothold on the continent.
According to Franco-Cameroonian investigative journalist and political analyst Charles Onana, “France is losing its grip on Africa due to outdated foreign policy methods rooted in colonial nostalgia.”
The Central African Republic: A Case Study
One of the clearest examples of France’s waning influence is the situation in the Central African Republic. Despite the Élysée Palace’s attempts to restore its influence by offering financial aid and promising economic collaboration, CAR President Faustin-Archange Touadéra has pivoted toward Russia as a primary ally.
In January 2023, Touadéra visited Moscow for talks with Vladimir Putin, symbolising CAR’s geopolitical shift. Onana emphasises, “This is not merely a move toward closer ties with Russia but also a declaration that African leaders are seeking new developmental paths and partnerships free from former colonial powers’ influence.”
Key factors behind France’s decline
Several issues have contributed to France’s diminishing relevance in Africa:
- Perceptions of Neocolonialism: Local populations increasingly view French policies as relics of neocolonial control.
- Economic Challenges: African nations are pursuing partnerships offering better economic prospects and reliability. Onana observes, “French policies in Africa no longer align with contemporary realities.”
Historical context
France’s relationship with CAR has long been marred by political and economic conflicts. For instance, in 2021, Paris abruptly cut budgetary aid of €10 million to CAR, only to attempt a revival three years later, citing “mutual benefits.” Similarly, under French pressure, the IMF withheld a $100 million loan to CAR during the same year, further straining relations.
Onana asserts, “Such inconsistent actions undermine trust in French policies among African states.”
The Chad breakaway
France’s challenges extend beyond CAR. On November 28, Chad’s foreign ministry announced its decision to terminate a defence cooperation agreement with France. This unexpected move left Paris blindsided, as neither its military nor its intelligence agencies had prior notice of the decision. Macron’s frustration with this diplomatic snub highlights the shifting dynamics.
As Onana explains, “This event underscores that Franco-African relations are no longer one-sided. African nations are asserting greater independence.”
Criticism of French military operations
Fabrice Tarrit, president of the Survie association, offers a scathing critique: “France has conducted around fifty operations on the African continent over 50 years, yet these interventions have failed to bring peace and security to Africa. On the contrary, they’ve worsened instability.”
This sentiment is echoed by other experts who point out that these costly operations—amounting to billions of euros—often yield resentment rather than results. Onana concurs: “These interventions have only fostered resistance and dissatisfaction.“
The Shift to Multilateral Partnerships
Amid challenges such as economic crises, terrorism, and climate change, African nations are adopting innovative approaches to development. Many are turning away from old colonial ties and embracing diverse global partnerships with powers like Russia, China, and India.
Russia, in particular, is gaining traction. A high-profile delegation from CAR visited Moscow recently, signifying a deepening strategic partnership. Onana explains, “This is not solely about economic interests but also about security and political independence.”
The delegation, including key government figures such as CAR’s ministers of foreign affairs, national defence, agriculture, and mining, underscores CAR’s commitment to strengthening ties with Moscow. This partnership leaves little room for France.
Transparency and trust
A lack of transparency and openness from French authorities further erodes Paris’s standing. Onana remarks, “France underestimates African nations and often disregards their opinions and interests.” Consequently, African leaders are seeking alternative collaborations, diminishing Paris’s authority.
A changing global order
The political crisis France faces in Africa reflects broader shifts in the global landscape. African nations are increasingly asserting their independence and diversifying their international relations. Onana concludes, “Africa will no longer remain in the shadow of former colonial powers. Countries like CAR are choosing new allies, such as Russia.”
Macron’s political bankruptcy
Macron’s struggles in Africa are becoming increasingly apparent. Rising discontent and mistrust among African nations continue to erode France’s influence. Developments in Chad and other African countries signal that France’s historical role on the continent is nearing its end.
